In order to test the bending-torsional coupled vibration characteristics of the multi-shafts gear transmission system of large power vehicles, a torsional vibration exciter was used to apply torsional excitation on the gear transmission systems and thirty-two acceleration sensors were used to measure the tangential acceleration of each shaft. Torsional vibration signals and bending vibration signals of each measuring point were obtained by calculation of the four-point-response signal. The modal parameters of gear transmission systems including nature frequency, modal shape and modal damping ratio were obtained by identifying modal parameters of the torsional vibration signal and bending vibration signal. The characteristic of the bending vibration and torsional vibration of the gear systems were studied through the analysis of the nature frequency and modal shape. The nonlinearity characteristic of the gear transmission system was investigated through single frequency excitation test, which can be the foundation for further nonlinearity research.