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从三个方面考察与总结了一些常用的纳米材料(如碲化镉量子点,纳米金和碳纳米点)在生物分析应用中存在的问题:(1)纳米材料的毒性.三种裸露纳米材料的平行比较实验表明,碲化镉量子点能够导致细胞代谢活性下降、细胞发生皱缩、甚至死亡,具有很强的毒性;纳米金在高浓度(30μg/mL)时可对细胞代谢产生一定的抑制作用;而碳纳米点对细胞几乎不产生影响,具有较好的生物相容性.三种纳米材料的相对毒性为:碲化镉量子点>>纳米金>碳纳米点.这种相对毒性还得到了绿豆芽生长抑制实验的支持.(2)纳米材料的非均一性.这主要表现在以下几个方面:粒径分布的非均一性,表面修饰/性质的非均一性,以及在生物样品(如细胞)中分布的非均一性.(3)纳米材料的环境敏感性或稳定性.实验表明,碲化镉量子点、纳米金和碳纳米点的光学性质对环境pH的改变均十分敏感,而且纳米金不抗盐,在离子强度较高的盐溶液中不稳定、易聚集.这些问题的严重性在许多以往的研究中并未引起人们的全面重视.我们希望通过本研究以及对这些问题的再次探讨,能促使人们在实际应用中对相关纳米材料进行重新的审视和合理的选择.此外,为克服这些问题,我们在文中提到的一些措施可供参考.
The problems existing in the bioanalysis applications of some commonly used nanomaterials (such as CdTe quantum dots, gold nanoparticles and carbon nanodots) were investigated and summarized in three aspects: (1) Toxicity of Nanomaterials Three bare nanomaterials Parallel experiments show that CdTe QDs can lead to decreased cellular metabolic activity, cell shrinkage and even death, which is highly toxic. Nano-gold can produce certain cellular metabolism at high concentration (30μg / mL) While the carbon nanodots have almost no effect on the cells and have good biocompatibility.The relative toxicity of the three nanomaterials is as follows: cadmium telluride quantum dots >> nano gold> carbon nano dots, and the relative toxicity It was also supported by experiments on growth inhibition of mung bean sprouts. (2) Heterogeneity of nanomaterials mainly in the following aspects: inhomogeneity of particle size distribution, surface modification / property heterogeneity, (3) the environmental sensitivity or stability of nanomaterials. Experiments show that the optical properties of cadmium telluride quantum dots, gold nanoparticles and carbon nanodots are very different from the changes of pH in the environment Sensitive, but also nano gold Not salt resistance, instability and easy aggregation in the salt solution with higher ionic strength.The seriousness of these problems has not drawn the full attention of people in many previous studies.We hope that through this study and the re-discussion of these problems , Can make people in the practical application of relevant nanomaterials re-examine and reasonable choice.In addition, in order to overcome these problems, we mentioned in the article some of the measures for reference.