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1. Diffusion of pathogens and globalizationrnThe diffusion of health risks in a globalized world is characterized by an exponential increase of transmission opportunities requiring more important and extensive control and prevention measures against possible impact on public health and agro-zootechnics production. Various keywords in this global situation are: diffusion of vectors, alien and invasive species, mutations, intational trade, migrations, emerging diseases, climate changes and global warming. As a result, for example, we can observe the geographic extension of arboviruses and subsequent diffusion of different pathogens as the West Nile, Chikungunya or Zika viruses. All of them are previously negligible African diseases: West Nile (Uganda, 1937), until the beginning of 90s, was sporadic and considered as minor risks for men, and is now the most common cause of mosquito-be disease in the USA and is included in the list of climatic change indicators. Chikungunya (Tanzania, 1952) previously a self-limiting nonfatal disease was responsible for a serious outbreak at La Réunion in 2005 and could also cause meningo-encephalitis. Zika (Uganda, 1947), previously a banal infection with flu-like symptoms, then caused high numbers of serious fetal brain defects, especially in Brazil during 2015.