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Background Although many midterm oncologic data have been reported for extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (ELRP) in westem countries,few oncologic data of the extraperitoneal procedure was published in China.The aim of the study was to evaluate the oncologic outcomes of patients treated with ELRP in China.Methods From January 2005 to March 2010,a total of 152 consecutive patients diagnosed with clinically localized prostate cancer were included in this study and treated with ELRP.The patients were staged according to the TNM (tumor,nodes,metastases) system.Median and mean postoperative follow-up were 28.1 months and 27.0 months,respectively.The patients were retrospectively analyzed for progression-free survival.Results One hundred and twelve cases (73.7％) were postoperatively diagnosed as pT2 in,and 40 cases (26.3％) as pT3.Positive lymph nodes were shown in 5 patients (3.3％).Gleason score was ＜7 in 49 men (32.2％),7 in 69 men (45.4％),and ＞7 in 34 men (22.4％).Positive surgical margins (PSM) were observed in 15 patients (9.9％),which included 32.0％ of all pT3a cases and 46.7％ of all pT3b cases,respectively.The overall prostate-specific antigen recurrence-free survival rate was 86％ in all patients.The recurrence-free survival rates were 91.8％ and 62.2％ in pT2N0 patients and pT3N0 patients,respectively.Preoperative prostate-specific antigen,surgical margins,tumor stage,and lymph nodal status were identified as independent predictors of biochemical recurrence-free survival using multivariate Cox proportional hazard model.Conclusions ELRP is a precise,safe and effective procedure at this particular Chinese institution.The prognostic power of prostate-specific antigen relapse after ELRP is not identical to that described previously with transperitoneal or open retropubic approaches.