本文综述了声显微镜(主要是机械扫描声显微镜)的特点、现状和进展。文中介绍了声显微镜的工作原理、常用结构,和设计公式。声显微镜观察到的象是物质的力学参量象,它是一种很有潜力的对物体内部结构进行观察的手段。当前的主要工作是扩展其基本功能,以及如何实现内部成象等。 This article reviews the characteristics, current status and progress of acoustic microscopy (mainly mechanical scanning acoustic microscopy). The article describes the working principle of acoustical microscope, common structures, and design formulas. The image observed by acoustic microscopy is the mechanical parameter of the material, which is a potential means of observing the internal structure of the object. The current main work is to expand its basic functions, and how to achieve internal imaging.