关于学术,思想界并没有一个明确的看法。蔡元培先生说:“学是学理,术是应用。”（《蔡元培教育文选》第136页）而曹聚仁、蔡尚思、张岱年则认为国学就是中国学术,中国传统学术在近代分为哲学、经学、文学、史学、政治学、军事学、自然科学及宗教、艺术等。而学术思想则是建立在一定社会基础上的产物。曹聚仁说:“一种学术思想,便是那一时代的人,在那一社会的环境中,对社 There is no clear idea about academic or intellectual circles. Cai Yuanpei said: “Learning is the theory and technique is the application.” (Cai Yuanpei’s Essay on Education, p.136) While Cao Juren, Cai Shangsi and Zhang Dainian considered Chinese learning as Chinese academic, Chinese traditional scholarship was divided into philosophy, classics, literature, History, Politics, Military Science, Natural Science and Religion, Arts and so on. Academic thinking is the product of a certain social foundation. Cao Ju-jen said: "An academic thought is the person of that era. In that social environment,