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双胎妊娠较单胎妊娠更容易发生胎儿异常及胎盘异常。双胎妊娠中的一些胎盘异常在单胎妊娠中也可发生,如前置胎盘、胎盘早剥等。然而,有些胎盘异常是双胎妊娠所特有的,且主要与单绒毛膜双胎有关,如胎盘内血管异常融合等。这些情况大多数可以用超声诊断,包括测定绒毛膜性、羊膜性以及胎盘异常的识别。分娩后胎盘病理检查可以帮助评估胎盘异常的存在,提供关于绒毛膜性的信息,了解双胎妊娠疾病的胎盘相关发病机制。
Twin pregnancies are more likely to have fetal abnormalities and placental abnormalities than singleton pregnancies. Some placental abnormalities in twin pregnancies can also occur in singleton pregnancies, such as placenta previa, placental abruption and the like. However, some placental abnormalities are specific to twin pregnancies and are mainly associated with monochorionic twins, such as abnormal placental vascular fusion. Most of these conditions can be diagnosed by ultrasound, including the determination of chorionicity, amniotic and placental abnormalities. Postpartum placental pathology can help assess placental abnormalities, provide information on chorionicity, and understand placenta-associated pathogenesis of twin pregnancy disorders.