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淡水资源短缺是世界性的问题。对于沿海城市，海水直接利用是解决淡水短缺的一个有效途径。海水在工业冷却水、工业生产用水、农业灌溉用水、城市生活用水及其它方面均有直接利用。由此产生的含海水城市污水，在其物化处理、生物处理和排海处理等方面会产生一系列的环境问题，其主要影响因素有含盐量、Ｎａ＋、Ｍｇ２＋、ＳＯ２－、Ｃｌ－和病原微生物等。对含盐废水的生物处理，目前主要采用筛选和驯化耐盐微生物、以附着生长系统减少微生物流失、增加微生物耐盐性等方法。
The shortage of fresh water resources is a worldwide problem. For coastal cities, direct seawater use is an effective way to address the shortage of freshwater. Seawater is used directly in industrial cooling water, industrial production water, agricultural irrigation water, urban domestic water and others. The resulting seawater containing municipal wastewater will produce a series of environmental problems in its physico-chemical treatment, biological treatment and sea-disposal. The main influencing factors are salt content, Na +, Mg2 +, SO2-, Cl- and pathogens Microorganisms and so on. Biological treatment of salt-containing wastewater, mainly by screening and domestication of salt-tolerant microorganisms to attach growth systems to reduce microbial loss and increase the salt tolerance of microorganisms and other methods.