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目的研究预防接种异常反应发生的一般规律,探讨降低反应发生率的方法,客观评价疫苗使用的安全性。方法对2008—2011年天津市和平区疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)监测结果进行统计分析。结果 2008—2011年和平区累计报告接种183 459针次,共报告AEFI 42例。各种疫苗总AEFI发生率为22.89/10万。病例主要发生时间为6～9月,以1岁组及以下年龄组为主,其中一般反应27例,异常反应13例,偶合病例2例。麻疹与流行性乙型脑炎疫苗联合免疫AEFI发生率最高,其次为DPT疫苗、白破疫苗。结论该区疫苗使用存在一定程度不安全性,应改良疫苗生产工艺,严格按照操作要求接种,适当减少2种减毒活疫苗联合免疫,加强主动监测。
Objective To study the general rules of occurrence of vaccination abnormalities and to explore ways to reduce the incidence of reactions and objectively evaluate the safety of vaccine use. Methods A statistical analysis of the surveillance results of suspected AEFI in Heping District of Tianjin during 2008-2011 was conducted. Results A total of 183 459 injections were reported in the peace zone in 2008-2011 and 42 AEFI cases were reported. The total incidence of various AEFI vaccines was 22.89 / 100,000. The main occurrence of cases was from June to September, mainly in the age group of 1 year and below, of which 27 cases were general reaction, 13 cases were abnormal reaction and 2 cases were coupled. Measles and Japanese encephalitis combined vaccine immunization AEFI highest incidence, followed by DPT vaccine, white broken vaccine. Conclusion There is a certain degree of unsafe use of vaccine in this area. Vaccine production process should be improved. Vaccination should be carried out in strict accordance with operational requirements. Joint immunization of two attenuated live attenuated vaccines should be appropriately reduced and active monitoring should be strengthened.