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针对梯级水库运用过程中蓄水与排沙之间矛盾,本文以溪洛渡-向家坝梯级水库为例,考虑上游修建白鹤滩水库条件,对两座水库汛末蓄水时间进行了优化研究.首先讨论两库蓄水时间调整对梯级水库发电、航运以及泥沙淤积的影响;然后构建梯级水库水沙联调多目标决策模型对两库蓄水时间进行优化决策,得到溪洛渡—向家坝梯级水库蓄水时间与多年平均发电量和库容淤损率之间的非劣解集;最后应用加权理想点评价模型对非劣解进行评价,给出不同目标权重下满足发电和减淤要求的梯级水库最佳蓄水方案.结果表明,(1)增加梯级水库发电量,势必要提前水库汛末蓄水时间,这必以增加库容淤损率为代价;(2)各目标权重不同,最优方案不同.当泥沙目标权重较大时,溪洛渡水库9月21日蓄水比9月11日蓄水好,且泥沙目标权重越大,最优方案对应的向家坝水库蓄水时间越晚;当发电目标权重较大时,溪洛渡水库9月11日比9月21日蓄水好,且发电目标权重越大,最优方案对应的向家坝水库蓄水时间越早.研究成果可为溪洛渡—向家坝梯级水库正式建成后制定合理的调度运用方案提供科学的依据.
In view of the contradiction between water storage and sediment discharge during the operation of cascade reservoirs, this paper takes the Xiluodu-Xiangjiaba Cascade Reservoirs as an example, and optimizes the storage time of the two reservoirs at the end of flood season The influence of two reservoirs’ storage time adjustment on power generation, shipping and sedimentation in cascade reservoirs was discussed. Then, a multi-objective decision model of cascade reservoirs was established to optimize the storage time of two reservoirs, and the Xiluodu-Xiangjiaba Cascade Reservoirs And the non-inferior solution set between the average water storage time and the average generation capacity and the storage volume rejection rate. Finally, the evaluation model of non-inferior solution is established by using the weighted ideal point evaluation model and the cascade reservoirs satisfying the requirements of power generation and sedimentation under different target weights The results show that: (1) Increasing the power generation of cascade reservoirs is necessary to advance the reservoir water storage time at the end of flood season, which will increase the damage rate of the reservoir; (2) When the sediment target weight is larger, the waterlogging of Xiluodu reservoir on September 21 is better than that on September 11, and the sediment target weight is larger, and the later time of storing water for Xiangjiaba reservoir corresponding to the optimal scheme is ;when When the electricity target weight is relatively large, the Xiluodu Reservoir is well-hydrated on September 11 than September 21, and the larger the power generation target weight is, the earlier the water storage time of the Xiangjiaba Reservoir corresponding to the optimal scheme is. The research results may be Xiluodu- Xiangjiaba cascade reservoir after the formal establishment of a reasonable plan to provide a scientific basis for the use of scheduling.