Multi-heteroatom doped porous carbon derived from insect feces for capacitance-enhanced sodium-ion s

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The large-scale application of sodium ion batteries(SIBs)is limited by economic and environmental fac-tors.Here,we prepare multi-heteroatom self-doped hierarchical porous carbon(HHPC)with a honeycomb-like structure by one-step carbonization method using high-yield and low-cost biomass silk-worm excrement as a precursor.As an anode for SIB,HHPC-1100 exhibits a capacity of 331.7 mA h g-1 at 20 mA g-1,while it also reveals remarkable rate performance and stable long cycle capability due to its abundant pore structure and proper amount of hetero atom doping.Moreover,the synergistic effect of O,N,S,P co-doping in carbon materials on sodium ion adsorption is verified by the first-principles study,which provide a theoretical basis for the prominent electrochemical performance of the material.
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