建立社会主义市场经济体制是我国经济体制改革的目标,传统的观念认为,市场经济属于资本主义经济的范畴,计划经济才是社会主义经济的基本特征。以公有制为基础的社会主义经济,只能是计划经济。这种看法在党的十一届三中全会以后,逐步发生了变化。到党的十四大第一次明确提出:我国经济体制改革的目标是建立社会主义市场经济体制,以进一步解放和发展生产力。这是在计划与市场关系问题上,社会主义经济理论的新的重大突破。这一突破纠正了把市场经济等同于资本主义,把计划经济等同于社会主义的传统观念,打开了在社会主义条件下发展市场经济的思路。在完善社会主义市场经济理论和建立社会主义市场体制的实践中,回顾一下半个世纪以来西方自由经济理论的演变,对我国建立社会主义市场经济将不无益处。 The establishment of a socialist market economic system is the goal of the economic restructuring in our country. The traditional concept holds that the market economy belongs to the category of capitalist economy and that the planned economy is the basic feature of the socialist economy. The socialist economy based on public ownership can only be a planned economy. This view gradually changed after the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee. To the fourteenth congress of the party, it is clear for the first time that the goal of China’s economic restructuring is to establish a socialist market economic system so as to further liberate and develop its productive forces. This is a major new breakthrough in the theory of socialist economy on the issue of planning and market relations. This breakthrough corrected the traditional concept of equating the market economy with capitalism and the planned economy with socialism and opened the way for the development of a market economy under socialism. In the practice of perfecting the theory of socialist market economy and establishing a socialist market system, it is of no use to review the evolution of the theory of free economy in the West in the past half century and to establish a socialist market economy in our country.