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J uly 1 is the official anniversary of the Communist Party of China， but the first national congress of the CPC was held from July 23 to August 3， 1921.
Three quarters of a century ago， in February 1948， the first edition of the Manifesto of the Communist Party was published in London. It is one of the most politically， economically and socially influential works in human history. During most of the 20th century， it provided a road map for social transformation in which there are neither oppressors nor oppressed， where material wealth is equally distributed and where people enjoy equal rights as citizens.
The victory of the Russian revolution in October 1917 brought Marxism to China， laying an ideological foundation for the founding of the CPC. As early as 1915， Chen Duxiu， Li Dazhao and other revolutionary pioneers of the May 4 Movement， as well as people of learning who supported Leninism and world revolution， established the magazine New Youth， advocating and promoting communist movements in China. These Chinese progressives， with an ideal of bringing more justice to the world， began preparations for the establishment of the Party.
A gathering of communist organizations was held in March 1921， announcing the targets and principles of the Party to be established. The Shanghai Communist Group， led by Li Da， made preparatory work for the Party’s first national congress.
Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao were not present at the first national congress of the CPC on July 23， 1921. Thirteen members attended the congress， representing the some 50 communists across the country at the time. The delegates were Li Da and Li Hanjun from Shanghai， Zhang Guotao and Liu Renjing from Beijing， Mao Zedong and He Shuheng from Changsha， Dong Biwu and Chen Tanqiu from Wuhan， Wang Jinmei and Deng Enming from Jinan， Chen Gongbo from Guangzhou， Zhou Fohai representing Chinese communists in Japan and Bao Huiseng delegated by Chen Duxiu， who was in Guangzhou and unable to go to Shanghai. Maring（Hendricus J. F. M. Sneevliet， 1883-1942） and Vladimir Abramovich Neiman-Nikolsky （1898-1943） from Moscow attended the congress as observers representing the Communist International， or Comintern as it was known at the time.
China was in dire poverty at the time. These people gathering in Shanghai were trying to find a way for China to improve its politics and develop its economy and society. Although Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao were not present， the delegates elected Chen secretary of the Party’s central bureau. Zhang Guotao and Li Da joined Chen to form the central leadership group of the Party. The congress started at No106 Wangzhi Road （now No 76 Xingye Road） but had to be suspended because of the intrusion of an undercover detective from the French Concession police and the imminent threat of being rounded up by the police. The congress was transferred to a boat on Lake Nanhu， Jiaxing， Zhejiang province， about 100 kilometers from Shanghai， to continue.
Mao Zedong， born in Shaoshan，Hunan province， became the great leader of the Chinese people. He saw the revolutionary potential of peasants and helped revitalize the spirit of Chinese society. After the Long March and a civil war， the Chinese People’s Liberation Army took the presidential palace in Nanjing on April 24， 1949， and Mao Zedong declared the establishment of the People’s Republic of China on the gate tower of Heavenly Peace in Beijing on Oct 1， 1949.
On Sept 9， 1976， after serving as the top leader of China for 27 years， Mao passed away. He was succeeded by Hua Guofeng， who then in 1978 handed over leadership to Deng Xiaoping. Deng had a more pragmatic approach for governance and started reforms in the economy and institutional systems. He led an economic policy transformation to a socialist market economy. After Deng， successive top leaders were Jiang Zemin， Hu Jintao and Xi Jinping. They have continuously reinforced China’s reforms. Xi， incumbent general secretary of the CPC Central Committee and president of the People’s Republic of China， is leading China toward new reforms with more openness while upholding multilateralism in world affairs. China’s wellknown Belt and Road Initiative and the promise to make more efforts to tackle climate change have had a significant impact on the economy， society and the environment.
In July this year， as the centennial of the CPC is celebrated， and whether we agree with its propositions or not， the CPC is the largest political organization of the world， with a membership of nearly 92 million. As the backbone of China， the CPC has made tremendous social and economic transformations in the country and lifted it out of poverty. China is now the world’s second-largest economy. How time flies！ In its early years， the Party was weak and vulnerable. It has successfully brought 500 million people into a middle-income group.
In its governance of China， the CPC adjusts to change and has made China the only country in the world to have maintained a high growth rate over the past 40 years. Since 1979， I have visited Sichuan， Yunnan， Tibet， Inner Mongolia， Beijing and Shanghai and witnessed changes that have taken place on this land and to the people. I still remember that in the 1980s， there were almost no cars in streets of Beijing， Shanghai， Chongqing， Chendu and others. Instead， I saw streams of people riding bicycles.
I was deeply impressed by people’s clothing back then. In the streets of Beijing， one could see people on their bicycles wearing Mao suits in a uniform style in gray， blue and green. It was an adaptation of the Chinese tunic suit， designed and popularized by Dr Sun Yat-sen. The bicycles heading both directions that used to swarm Beijing’s Chang’an Avenue have now been replaced by pedestrians in stylish clothes and cars in bustling streams. There are both domestic and imported cars， including luxury brands so expensive that most Westerners would be unable to afford them.
In the past 100 years， and especially the past 40 years， changes have taken place for the Chinese people， the CPC and its leaders. In Europe， there are also remarkable changes， but they came more gently， unlike the drastic changes in China.
People of the second-largest economy of the world hope their leaders will consolidate their achievements in development and that their country will coexist in harmony and share prosperity with the rest of the world. Over the past 35 years， the Spain-China Friendship Association has been committed to promoting friendship between Spain and China， a major country with great responsibilities.
Though mistakes have also occurred in China’s efforts to achieve its great feat， I think the contribution the CPC has made to progress is the most remarkable. Most important， the national congresses of the CPC have spared no efforts in promoting innovation， leading the government in carrying out plans to empower development and modernization and making sure the country stays on the right historical track.
Congratulations on the centennial of the CPC！
（The author is president of the Spain-China Friendship Association. ）
Three quarters of a century ago， in February 1948， the first edition of the Manifesto of the Communist Party was published in London. It is one of the most politically， economically and socially influential works in human history. During most of the 20th century， it provided a road map for social transformation in which there are neither oppressors nor oppressed， where material wealth is equally distributed and where people enjoy equal rights as citizens.
The victory of the Russian revolution in October 1917 brought Marxism to China， laying an ideological foundation for the founding of the CPC. As early as 1915， Chen Duxiu， Li Dazhao and other revolutionary pioneers of the May 4 Movement， as well as people of learning who supported Leninism and world revolution， established the magazine New Youth， advocating and promoting communist movements in China. These Chinese progressives， with an ideal of bringing more justice to the world， began preparations for the establishment of the Party.
A gathering of communist organizations was held in March 1921， announcing the targets and principles of the Party to be established. The Shanghai Communist Group， led by Li Da， made preparatory work for the Party’s first national congress.
Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao were not present at the first national congress of the CPC on July 23， 1921. Thirteen members attended the congress， representing the some 50 communists across the country at the time. The delegates were Li Da and Li Hanjun from Shanghai， Zhang Guotao and Liu Renjing from Beijing， Mao Zedong and He Shuheng from Changsha， Dong Biwu and Chen Tanqiu from Wuhan， Wang Jinmei and Deng Enming from Jinan， Chen Gongbo from Guangzhou， Zhou Fohai representing Chinese communists in Japan and Bao Huiseng delegated by Chen Duxiu， who was in Guangzhou and unable to go to Shanghai. Maring（Hendricus J. F. M. Sneevliet， 1883-1942） and Vladimir Abramovich Neiman-Nikolsky （1898-1943） from Moscow attended the congress as observers representing the Communist International， or Comintern as it was known at the time.
China was in dire poverty at the time. These people gathering in Shanghai were trying to find a way for China to improve its politics and develop its economy and society. Although Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao were not present， the delegates elected Chen secretary of the Party’s central bureau. Zhang Guotao and Li Da joined Chen to form the central leadership group of the Party. The congress started at No106 Wangzhi Road （now No 76 Xingye Road） but had to be suspended because of the intrusion of an undercover detective from the French Concession police and the imminent threat of being rounded up by the police. The congress was transferred to a boat on Lake Nanhu， Jiaxing， Zhejiang province， about 100 kilometers from Shanghai， to continue.
Mao Zedong， born in Shaoshan，Hunan province， became the great leader of the Chinese people. He saw the revolutionary potential of peasants and helped revitalize the spirit of Chinese society. After the Long March and a civil war， the Chinese People’s Liberation Army took the presidential palace in Nanjing on April 24， 1949， and Mao Zedong declared the establishment of the People’s Republic of China on the gate tower of Heavenly Peace in Beijing on Oct 1， 1949.
On Sept 9， 1976， after serving as the top leader of China for 27 years， Mao passed away. He was succeeded by Hua Guofeng， who then in 1978 handed over leadership to Deng Xiaoping. Deng had a more pragmatic approach for governance and started reforms in the economy and institutional systems. He led an economic policy transformation to a socialist market economy. After Deng， successive top leaders were Jiang Zemin， Hu Jintao and Xi Jinping. They have continuously reinforced China’s reforms. Xi， incumbent general secretary of the CPC Central Committee and president of the People’s Republic of China， is leading China toward new reforms with more openness while upholding multilateralism in world affairs. China’s wellknown Belt and Road Initiative and the promise to make more efforts to tackle climate change have had a significant impact on the economy， society and the environment.
In July this year， as the centennial of the CPC is celebrated， and whether we agree with its propositions or not， the CPC is the largest political organization of the world， with a membership of nearly 92 million. As the backbone of China， the CPC has made tremendous social and economic transformations in the country and lifted it out of poverty. China is now the world’s second-largest economy. How time flies！ In its early years， the Party was weak and vulnerable. It has successfully brought 500 million people into a middle-income group.
In its governance of China， the CPC adjusts to change and has made China the only country in the world to have maintained a high growth rate over the past 40 years. Since 1979， I have visited Sichuan， Yunnan， Tibet， Inner Mongolia， Beijing and Shanghai and witnessed changes that have taken place on this land and to the people. I still remember that in the 1980s， there were almost no cars in streets of Beijing， Shanghai， Chongqing， Chendu and others. Instead， I saw streams of people riding bicycles.
I was deeply impressed by people’s clothing back then. In the streets of Beijing， one could see people on their bicycles wearing Mao suits in a uniform style in gray， blue and green. It was an adaptation of the Chinese tunic suit， designed and popularized by Dr Sun Yat-sen. The bicycles heading both directions that used to swarm Beijing’s Chang’an Avenue have now been replaced by pedestrians in stylish clothes and cars in bustling streams. There are both domestic and imported cars， including luxury brands so expensive that most Westerners would be unable to afford them.
In the past 100 years， and especially the past 40 years， changes have taken place for the Chinese people， the CPC and its leaders. In Europe， there are also remarkable changes， but they came more gently， unlike the drastic changes in China.
People of the second-largest economy of the world hope their leaders will consolidate their achievements in development and that their country will coexist in harmony and share prosperity with the rest of the world. Over the past 35 years， the Spain-China Friendship Association has been committed to promoting friendship between Spain and China， a major country with great responsibilities.
Though mistakes have also occurred in China’s efforts to achieve its great feat， I think the contribution the CPC has made to progress is the most remarkable. Most important， the national congresses of the CPC have spared no efforts in promoting innovation， leading the government in carrying out plans to empower development and modernization and making sure the country stays on the right historical track.
Congratulations on the centennial of the CPC！
（The author is president of the Spain-China Friendship Association. ）