新中国成立以来,中国作为一个后发国家,通过引进和模仿发达国家的制度、技术、赶超战略,实现了经济领域的快速发展。但是从长期发展的实践看,中国的经济发展在充分享受后发优势的同时,也存在明显的后发劣势。回顾新中国成立以来经济发展历程,正确认识中国经济的后发优势与后发劣势,对中国今后的持久发展尤为重要。 Since the founding of New China, as a latecomer country, China has achieved rapid economic development by introducing and imitating the systems, technologies and catch-up strategies of developed countries. However, from the perspective of long-term development practice, China’s economic development, while fully enjoying the advantages of being late, also has obvious disadvantages of being behind. Reviewing the course of economic development since the founding of People’s Republic of China and correctly understanding the backwardness and backwardness of China’s economy are especially important for the sustained development of China in the future.