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人们在研究翻译过程中的语言本身的问题或纯语言问题(intralinguistic features)的同时,越来越注重对超语言或语言外问题(extralingual features)的研究。前者属于语言的微观研究,是语言体系的对比问题,后者属于语言的宏观研究,是语言的使用即语言交际的对比问題。语言的宏观研究称为社会语言学研究。社会语言学研究语言与文化、语言与社会的相关关系,研究语言的使用及变异、语言变异的环境条件等方面的问题。在下面的几对范
While studying the problem of language itself or intralinguistic features in translation, people pay more and more attention to the study of super-linguistic or extralingual features. The former belongs to the microcosmic study of language and is the comparison of linguistic system. The latter belongs to the macroscopic study of language. It is the comparison of language use and language communication. The macro study of language is called sociolinguistics. Sociolinguistics studies the relationship between language and culture, language and society, researching the use and variation of language, and the environmental conditions of language variation. In the following few pairs