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神经内分泌癌起源于人体内广泛分布的神经内分泌细胞,最常见于肺和消化道。通常按瘤细胞分化程度的不同,分为3个类型:类癌(高分化)、不典型类癌(中分化)及小细胞癌(低分化)。女性生殖道小细胞神经内分泌癌十分罕见,恶性程度高,易早期发生血道播散和淋巴结转移,预后极差。现对女性生殖道各部位小细胞神经内分泌癌的临床病理特征和诊治现状作一综述,以期提高临床医生对此类少见肿瘤的认识。
Neuroendocrine carcinomas originate in the body widely distributed neuroendocrine cells, the most common in the lungs and digestive tract. Usually according to the degree of tumor cell differentiation is divided into three types: carcinoid (highly differentiated), atypical carcinoid (moderately differentiated) and small cell carcinoma (poorly differentiated). Female reproductive tract small cell neuroendocrine cancer is very rare, high degree of malignancy, easy to early occurrence of hematogenous dissemination and lymph node metastasis, poor prognosis. At present, the clinicopathological characteristics and diagnosis and treatment status of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in various parts of female genital tract are reviewed in order to improve clinicians’ understanding of such rare tumors.