在开展省级以下环保机构监测监察执法垂直管理体制改革时,需要同时健全市场调节和社会参与、监督的体制,引入公众问责机制。“十三五”规划建议提出,实行省以下环保机构监测监察执法垂直管理制度。这是在重庆、陕西、贵州等地进行有益探索的基础上,环境执法体制实施的重大改革,引发了社会的热议。在此之前,我国环境执法体制通常被认为具有部门性和地方性的特点。人员由地方任命,财政也来源于地方,因此执法队伍在实践中往往偏向于对本地政府负责,很难 When carrying out the reform of the vertical management system of the environmental protection agencies under the provincial level in monitoring, monitoring and enforcing the law, it is necessary to simultaneously improve the system of market regulation and social participation and supervision and introduce a mechanism of public accountability. “Thirteen Five ” plan proposed that the implementation of the provincial environmental monitoring and supervision and law enforcement agencies vertical management system. This is a major reform carried out by the environmental law enforcement system on the basis of the beneficial exploration in Chongqing, Shaanxi and Guizhou, which has triggered a heated debate in the community. Prior to this, China’s environmental law enforcement system is generally considered to be sectoral and local characteristics. Personnel are appointed by the localities and financial resources are also sourced locally. Therefore, in practice, law enforcement teams tend to be biased towards local governments and are hard pressed