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阿片（ｏｐｉｏｉｄｓ）及阿片受体与外周神经系统镇痛机制的研究，随着分子生物学技术的发展，已在受体的分子结构、形态学、分子药理学、离子通道和细胞内信号转导系统等方面取得了显著进展。μ、δ、κ阿片受体分子结构上的部分差异决定了它们各自的功能特征。三种受体在初级感觉神经元分布的比例不同，但都能介导细胞Ｃａ２＋通道的抑制和Ｋ＋电流增加及减少。阿片受体和通道之间由多种第二信使系统偶联。分子药理学研究表明它们还存在亚型受体。阿片受体的激活直接和间接地抑制初级感觉神经元的递质释放，可能是阿片受体在外周神经系统中发挥镇痛效应的重要机制。
Opioids and opioid receptors and peripheral nervous system analgesic mechanisms of research, with the development of molecular biology technology, has been in the receptor’s molecular structure, morphology, molecular pharmacology, ion channels and intracellular signal transduction System has made remarkable progress. Partial differences in the molecular structure of μ, δ, κ opioid receptors determine their respective functional characteristics. The proportions of the three receptors in the primary sensory neurons differed, but both inhibited the inhibition of Ca2 + channels and increased and decreased K + currents. Opioid receptors and channels are coupled by a variety of second messenger systems. Molecular pharmacological studies show that they also have subtype receptors. Activation of opioid receptors directly and indirectly suppresses the release of neurotransmitters from primary sensory neurons and may be an important mechanism of opioid receptors exerting analgesic effects in the peripheral nervous system.