【目的】了解2002-2010年山东省神经管缺陷(neural tube defects,NTDs)发生率的变化趋势,为进一步开展预防工作提供依据。【方法】采用以医院为基础的监测方法收集资料,调查对象为孕28周至生后7d的围产儿,对2002-2010年全省17市出生缺陷监测网监测的642 282例围产儿,242例NTDs病例进行回顾性分析。【结果】NTDs发生率由2002年6.8/万下降到2010年的2.1/万,9年下降了69.1%,年下降率13.7%,农村NTDs下降幅度为75%,城市为61.1%;脊柱裂、脑膨出发生率分别下降了70.8%、80.0%。【结论】山东NTDs发生率呈下降趋势,农村下降幅度大于城市;脊柱裂、脑膨出发生率下降较快,进一步加强预防和产前诊断是降低发生率的有效措施。 【Objective】 To understand the trend of the incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in Shandong province from 2002 to 2010 and provide the basis for further prevention. 【Methods】 A hospital-based monitoring method was used to collect data on the perinatal children from 28 weeks pregnant to 7 days after birth. Of the 642 282 perinatal children monitored by the birth defect monitoring network in 17 provinces in 2002-2010, 242 NTDs cases were retrospectively analyzed. 【Results】 The incidence of NTDs dropped from 68,000 in 2002 to 21,000 in 2010, decreased by 69.1% in 9 years and decreased by 13.7% annually. The NTDs decreased by 75% in rural areas and 61.1% in urban areas. The incidence of spina bifida, The incidence of encephalocele decreased by 70.8%, 80.0%. 【Conclusion】 The incidence of NTDs in Shandong province is declining. The declines in rural areas are greater than those in urban areas. The incidence of spina bifida and encephalocele is declining rapidly. Further prevention and prenatal diagnosis are effective measures to reduce the incidence of NTDs.