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目的了解噪声作业人员现场护听器实际使用效果,为制定防聋干预措施提供科学依据。方法以噪声危害较严重的某市轧钢企业为346名劳动者为研究对象,对佩戴市售防噪声耳塞人员听力损伤原因进行调查,观察护听器防护的实际使用效果。结果轧钢厂作业场所噪声强度为67.1~96.3 d B(A),超标率50.4%;作业人员对噪声危害认知度不高。佩戴耳塞后产生不适反应的实质问题是耳塞佩戴的舒适性,听力损伤的发生率仍然呈现随工龄增加而升高的现象,高频损失和语频损失总检出率为31.2%。结论导致工人听力损伤的主要原因是耳塞的舒适度,积极探寻既舒适又有实际防护效果的护听器是听力保护的关键。
Objective To understand the actual effect of the field hearing aids for noise workers and provide a scientific basis for making interventions for preventing deafness. Methods Taking 346 laborers in a steel rolling mill in a city with more serious noise as the research object, we investigated the causes of hearing impairment of earplugs worn by commercial noise-proof earphones and observed the actual effect of the protection of the hearing protectors. Results The noise intensity at the workplace of the rolling mill was 67.1-96.3 d B (A), exceeding the rate of 50.4%. The operators did not recognize the noise hazard well. The practical problem of uncomfortable reaction after wearing earplugs is the comfort of wearing earplugs. The incidence of hearing loss still shows an increase with increasing seniority. The total detection rate of high frequency loss and speech loss is 31.2%. Conclusions The main reason leading to hearing impairment of workers is the comfort of earplugs. It is the key to hearing protection to actively explore the protectors that are both comfortable and practical.