目的了解湖北省洪涝灾害易发地区居民重点传染病预防素养水平。方法采用多阶段分层系统随机抽样的方法,对湖北省1区1县的居民进行问卷调查。结果洪涝灾害易发地区居民具备重点传染病预防素养的比例为4.1%,且在城乡、年龄和文化程度方面差异有统计学意义;具备重点传染病知识、相关健康生活行为方式、药品说明书阅读理解和相关行为操作4方面素养的比例分别为8.6%、44.8%、19.2%和9.5%;洪涝灾害易发地区居民认为有效的传染病知识传播渠道排名前3位为“电视”(76.2%)、“看病时听医生讲”(67.4%)和“亲戚朋友介绍”(55.6%)。结论洪涝灾害地区居民的传染病预防素养水平较低;应重点加强对农村地区居民、高年龄组、低文化程度群体和无灾时期的健康教育;当地的健康传播形式,应以电视传播和人际传播为主,其他形式为辅。 Objective To understand the prevention and treatment of major infectious diseases in residents prone to floods in Hubei Province. Methods A multistage stratified random sampling method was used to survey the residents in one county of 1 district in Hubei province. Results The proportion of residents with epidemic prevention of infectious diseases in flood-prone areas was 4.1%, and there was significant difference in urban and rural areas, age and educational level. Knowledge of key infectious diseases, relevant healthy life style and reading comprehension And the related behavioral training were 8.6%, 44.8%, 19.2% and 9.5% respectively. The top 3 channels for knowledge transmission of infectious diseases considered as effective by flood-prone residents were “TV” (76.2% ), “Hearing a doctor to see a doctor” (67.4%) and “Introduction to relatives and friends” (55.6%). Conclusions Residents in flood-affected areas have a relatively low level of prevention and literacy of communicable diseases. Health education should be strengthened for residents in rural areas, high-age groups, low-education groups and non-disaster areas. Local forms of health transmission should be based on television and interpersonal Communication-based, other forms of supplements.