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鉴于局部肥大细胞释放的组织胺作用于血管上的H_1受体,并参与荨麻疹的病理生理过程,故经典的荨麻疹治疗药物是H_1受体拮抗剂。最近试用H_2受体拮抗剂治疗荨麻疹有一定疗效,结果令人鼓舞,但机理不明。H_2受体大部分位于外分泌细胞、抑制性T 淋巴细胞或肥大细胞上。药物疗效可能与下列两种情况有关:(1)位于局部血管上H_1和H_2受体的比例;(2)H_2受体桔抗剂对胆碱能或神经肽能神经元支配的神经活动引发的影响。目前所有的证据尚不足以说明H_2受体拮抗剂可作为荨麻疹的常规治疗药物。
Histamine released from local mast cells acts on H 1 receptors on blood vessels and participates in the pathophysiological process of urticaria. Therefore, the classic urticaria therapeutic drug is H 1 receptor antagonist. The recent trial of H 2 receptor antagonist in the treatment of urticaria has had some effect, the results are encouraging, but the mechanism is unknown. H 2 receptors are mostly located on exocrine cells, suppressive T lymphocytes or mast cells. Drug efficacy may be related to the following two situations: (1) the proportion of H 1 and H 2 receptors located on the local blood vessels; (2) the neurotoxic activity of the H 2 receptor antagonist on the cholinergic or neuropeptide neurons influences. At present, all the evidence is not enough to show that H 2 receptor antagonists can be used as a routine treatment of urticaria.