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在化学元素周期表的右端,自上而下地排列着氦、氖、氬、氪、氙和氡等六个元素。由于它们在常温常压下都呈气态,而且在地壳(包括大气层、水层和岩石圈)的含量很少,现今常称为稀有气体。它们的发现和生成化合物的过程极为曲折,是辩证唯物论战胜各种错误的有力例证。总结这些历史经验,不仅对化学学科,就是对整个自然科学的发展都具有一定的意义。本文试图从马克思主义认识论和辩证法的角度,结合科学方法论,探讨几个有关的问题。
At the right end of the periodic table of chemical elements, six elements of helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon are arranged from top to bottom. Since they are both gaseous at normal temperature and pressure, and are present in small amounts in the earth’s crust, including the atmosphere, the water layer and the lithosphere, they are often called rare gases today. The process of their discovery and compound formation is extremely tortuous and is a powerful example of the dialectical materialism defeating various errors. To sum up these historical experiences is of great significance to not only chemistry but also the development of the entire natural science. This article attempts to explore several related issues from the perspective of epistemology and dialectics of Marxism combined with scientific methodology.