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近年来,受荷叶、水黾腿、壁虎脚等天然超疏水生物表面特性的启发,研究者们进行了大量仿生超疏水表面材料的制备及应用研究。超疏水性表面因其特殊的微纳分层结构,具有自清洁、防覆冰、防腐蚀、减阻等优异性能。本文阐述了表面润湿、疏水的基本机理,以及超疏水表面研究的理论基础,对超疏水表面制备的最新研究进展进行了综述,并揭示了研究中存在的问题。最后,介绍了超疏水表面在涂料、织物、防腐、抗菌及防雾等领域中的应用,展望了其未来的研究方向和前景。
In recent years, inspired by the natural superhydrophobic biological surfaces such as lotus leaf, hydra legs and gecko legs, researchers conducted a lot of studies on the preparation and application of a large number of biomimetic superhydrophobic surface materials. Superhydrophobic surface because of its special micro-nano layered structure, with self-cleaning, anti-icing, anti-corrosion, drag reduction and other excellent performance. In this paper, the basic mechanism of surface wetting and hydrophobicity, and the theoretical basis of superhydrophobic surface research are summarized. The latest research progress of superhydrophobic surface preparation is reviewed and the problems in the study are revealed. Finally, the applications of superhydrophobic surfaces in coatings, fabrics, antisepsis, anti-bacterial and anti-fog are introduced. The future research directions and prospects are also prospected.