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本文报导了云南省23个县市蚕豆苗期根病病原菌的区系组成和优势种的分析。病原区系当中以镰刀菌为主,立枯丝核菌占极少数。镰刀菌的优势种是尖孢镰刀菌,其次是燕麦镰刀菌及其专化型,再其次是串珠镰刀菌和茄镰刀菌。至于木贼镰刀菌、拟枝孢镰刀菌及禾谷镰刀菌亦只占极少数,属于次要病原。但拟枝孢镰刀菌作为蚕豆苗期根病病原菌,还是首次报道。尖孢镰刀菌、燕麦镰刀菌、串珠镰刀菌、木贼镰刀菌、禾谷镰刀菌皆引起基腐病。茄镰刀菌、拟枝孢镰刀菌和立枯丝核菌引起根腐病,还有一部份燕麦镰刀菌和少数尖孢镰刀菌引起基腐萎蔫症状。致病性测定证明各种病原菌都有致病力。致病力最强的是立枯丝核菌,尖孢镰刀菌和拟枝孢镰刀菌。茄镰刀菌和串珠镰刀菌致病力居中。禾谷镰刀菌和木贼镰刀菌致病力很弱。蚕豆根病是云南省蚕豆上极为严重的病害问题。其中尤以苗期根病造成的损失最大,成为历来保持蚕豆稳产高产的限制因素。例如,1983年东川市有4000亩蚕豆发病,占蚕豆播种而积的67%。死亡率由10～100%不等。其它蚕豆主产区如昆明、武定、楚雄、玉溪、曲靖等地也很严重。为了搞清发病的原因和发病的规律,自1982年冬季开始,我们在省内部份重病区的昆明、呈贡、嵩明、宜良、玉溪、通海、安宁、武定、楚雄、南华、大姚、禄丰、大理、弥度、巍山、宾川、永平、漾濞、永胜、鹤庆、丽江、曲靖、东川等23个县市进行了广泛的调查研究。
This paper reports the analysis of the floristic composition and dominant species of pathogen of Vicia faba at seedling stage in 23 counties and cities in Yunnan Province. Among them, Fusarium was the main pathogens, and Rhizoctonia solani accounted for a very small number. The dominant species of Fusarium oxysporum Fusarium oxysporum, followed by the Fusarium of oats and its specialized type, followed by Fusarium and Fusarium solani. As for Equisetum, Fusarium and Fusarium also accounted for only a very small number, belonging to the secondary pathogen. However, Fusarium oxysporum as the root cause of Vicia faba seedling pathogens, is the first report. Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium oat, Fusarium moniliforme, Ficus norujaya, Fusarium graminearum are all caused by the rot. Fusarium solani, Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani cause root rot, and some parts of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium oxysporum cause rotting symptoms. Pathogenicity test shows that all kinds of pathogens have pathogenicity. Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium oxysporum were the most virulent. Fusarium solani Fusarium and Fusarium pathogens intermediate. Fusarium graminearum and Equisetum pathogenicity is very weak. Vicia faba root disease is the most serious disease in Yunnan Vicia faba. Among them, the root cause of seedling especially the loss caused by the largest, has always been to maintain a stable yield and high yield of broad bean Limiting factors. For example, in 1983, Dongchuan City, 4,000 mu of broad bean disease, accounting for 67% of broad bean planting plot. Mortality from 10 to 100%. Other main producing areas of fava beans such as Kunming, Wuding, Chuxiong, Yuxi, Qujing and other places are also very serious. In order to find out the causes of the disease and the incidence of the law, since the beginning of the winter of 1982, we in the province’s most seriously ill Kunming, Chenggong, Songming, Yiliang, Yuxi, Tonghai, tranquility, Wuding, Chuxiong, South China, 23 counties and cities such as Yao, Lufeng, Dali, Miwei, Weishan, Binchuan, Yongping, Yangbi, Yongsheng, Heqing, Lijiang, Qujing and Dongchuan conducted extensive investigations and studies.