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建立流域或区域供(用)水总量与降水量的函数关系(用水特性曲线),使年度用水总量控制指标受降水量变化的影响不易进行考核的问题得以有效解决。确定这种函数关系的基本线型不仅为这一方法构筑理论基础,也为其推广应用拓展了空间。本文通过对海河流域规划水平年的供水量、降水量关系分析,建立不同类型函数关系的用水特性曲线,基于选取线型需遵循的变量相关性、函数单调性、极值点特性和方法适用性4项准则,寻找相对合理的分布函数。在详细讨论函数的基本特性和应用范围后,并在海河流域二级区进行了进一步检验,最终确定反正切函数能够正确体现供(用)水总量与降水量的相关关系,可以作为用水特性曲线的基本线型。
The establishment of a functional relationship between water supply and demand (water use curve) for precipitation and water supply in the basin or region can effectively solve the problem that annual total water control indicators are not easily assessed due to changes in precipitation. Determining the basic linearity of this function relationship not only builds the theoretical foundation for this method, but also expands the space for its application. Based on the analysis of the relationship between water supply and precipitation in the planned years of the Haihe River Basin, this paper establishes the water use characteristic curves of different types of function relations. Based on the variables’ dependence, function monotonicity, extreme point characteristics and applicability of the method 4 criteria, looking for a relatively reasonable distribution function. After a detailed discussion of the basic characteristics of the function and the scope of its application, further tests were carried out in the secondary area of the Haihe River Basin. Finally, it was confirmed that the arc tangent function can correctly represent the correlation between the total amount of water used and the precipitation, The basic linear curve.