本文指出了平面衍射光栅在制造过程中由于光栅刻槽的不平行、光栅刻槽的间距误差以及刻槽形状的不一致等各种疵病使光栅在光谱学的应用中所造成的不利后果。同时着重介绍了光栅的衍射波阵面象差、光栅的实际分辨率、罗兰鬼线的相对强度以及光栅的衍射效率的测量方法和检验仪器。 This paper points out the disadvantages of the grating in the application of spectroscopy due to various defects such as the irregularities of the grating grooves, the pitch error of the grating grooves and the inconsistency of the groove shapes in the manufacturing process of the planar diffraction grating. At the same time, the methods of measuring the diffraction wavefront aberration of the grating, the actual resolution of the grating, the relative intensity of the Roland line and the diffraction efficiency of the grating are emphatically introduced, and the testing instruments are also introduced.