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1865—1900年美国南部的棉花生产扩张是一种发生在棉花价格不断下降情况下的“反常供给”。南部农业劳动者在棉花价格不断下降,收益不断减少,粮食零售价格高昂,甚至“亏本”经营的不利情况下,始终坚持相对单一的棉花生产模式,并在此基础上继续不断扩大棉花生产规模。借贷制度是造成南部棉花生产“反常供给”的深层次原因。正是通过借贷制度下的作物留置权体制和借贷价格体制,种植园主将自己不断增加棉花生产规模的意愿强加给南部的农业劳动者,并使他们陷入“棉花—债务—更多棉花—更多债务……”的“恶性循环”。
The expansion of cotton production in the southern United States from 1865 to 1900 was an “anomalous supply” that took place as cotton prices continued to decline. Southern agricultural laborers always adhere to the relatively single mode of cotton production under the conditions of continuous decline in cotton prices, declining returns, high retail prices of grains, and even the operation of “losing money”, and continue to expand cotton production on the basis of this scale. The lending system is the underlying cause of the “abnormal supply” of cotton production in the south. It is through the system of crop lien and borrowing prices under the lending system that plantation owners impose their will to increase the scale of their cotton production to the southern agricultural laborers and plunge them into “cotton - debt - more cotton - and more More debt ...... ”vicious circle ".