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声音遥感技术可以极大地提高人们对动物的监测、研究和保护能力。本研究设计了一套廉价的陆生动物声音定位系统。该系统集成了市场上现成的录音笔和无线控制设备,价格明显低于许多动物定位系统。使用自主研发的声音定位软件,在X、Y方向上的绝对定位误差最大为1.69m,可满足大部分动物定位需求;Z方向的定位误差偏大,结果尚不理想。为了揭示影响声音定位系统精度的各种因素及其影响,采用蒙特卡罗方法进行分析,发现录音站点的位置测量误差、到达时间差的估计误差和声速的估计误差均会影响最终的声音定位精度。此外,该方法还可用于在声音定位系统布设阶段确定系统参数的合理数值,包括录音节点总个数和空间尺度。
Sound remote sensing technology can greatly improve people’s monitoring, research and protection of animals. This study designed a set of cheap terrestrial animal sound localization system. The system integrates ready-made voice recorders and wireless controls on the market, at significantly lower prices than many animal positioning systems. Using the self-developed sound localization software, the maximum absolute positioning error in X and Y directions is 1.69m, which can meet the needs of most animal positioning. The positioning error in Z direction is too large, and the result is not satisfactory. In order to reveal the various factors affecting the accuracy of the sound localization system and its impact, Monte Carlo method is used to analyze the results. It is found that the location measurement error, the estimation error of arrival time difference and the estimation error of sound velocity all affect the final sound localization accuracy. In addition, the method can also be used to determine reasonable values of system parameters during the sound positioning system deployment phase, including the total number of recording nodes and the spatial scale.