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人才资本作为人力资本中较高层次的组成部分,是一国或地区经济发展的核心生产要素,也是经济增长的主要源泉之一。传统人才资本测算方法主要参照人力资本的测算思路,以人才学历为依据,采用受教育年限法。由于学历仅代表了人才拥有的知识资本,人才资本还包含人才工作后通过“干中学”和培训等获得的技能资本,因此仅考虑人才学历因素测算人才资本具有一定的局限性。通过引入人才的职称因素,构建了人才资本测算的学历-职称法,并以常州市为例,从总量、结构和质量三个维度对人才资本的测算进行实证研究。研究结果显示:常州市人才资本总量和高层次人才资本比重呈现逐年上升趋势,2014年常州市人才加权平均受教育年限达到31.34年,2000—2014年期间平均每年提高0.275年。
As a higher level component of human capital, human capital is one of the core production factors of a country or region’s economic development and one of the main sources of economic growth. The traditional method of calculating human capital mainly refers to the measurement of human capital, which is based on the qualifications of qualified personnel and adopts the law of years of education. Since academic qualifications represent only the intellectual capital owned by human resources, and human capital also includes skilled capital obtained through “learning by doing” and training after the work of qualified personnel, the calculation of human capital based on the qualifications of personnel and qualifications only has some limitations. By introducing the title of talented people, we have built the academic qualification - the title of accountant for the calculation of human capital. Taking Changzhou as an example, this paper conducts an empirical study on the calculation of human capital from three dimensions: total quantity, structure and quality. The results show that the total amount of Talent Capital and the proportion of high-level talent capital in Changzhou City have been increasing year by year. In 2014, the average years of education for talented people in Changzhou reached 31.34 years, and the average annual growth was 0.275 years in 2000-2014.