精神症状的产生有其复杂的机理和原因,除了神经学、神经生化和遗传学的基础外,作为研究心理现象和行为科学的心理学,从不同的角度来分析这一问题:新的医学模式重视心理因素对精神疾病致病因素,尤其是对患者的个人史、个性以及发病前的应激事件的重视丰富了我们对精神障碍的了解,其中精神分析理论更是从病人表现出的无意识症状入手,阐明了精神病学和精神分析之间的关系。精神分析理论是一个解释性很强的理论,意思是这理论对很多的人理问题都可找到因由,这正是此理论的优点。但使用其辅导方法时,对辅导者的专业知识要求相当高,不论是当中对不同讯息,如梦境、移情、抗拒的分析,或是套取受导者潜意识的技巧等。 Psychological symptoms have their own complicated mechanisms and causes. In addition to the basic neurology, neurobiochemistry and genetics, psychology as a psychological phenomenon and behavioral science analyzes this issue from different perspectives: the new medical model Emphasis on psychological factors The risk factors for mental illness, especially for the patient’s personal history, personality and pre-onset stress events enriched our understanding of mental disorders, which psychoanalytic theory is more from the patient showed unconscious symptoms Beginning, clarifying the relationship between psychiatry and psychoanalysis. Psychoanalytic theory is a highly explanatory theory, which means that this theory can find a cause for many man-made problems, which is exactly the merits of this theory. However, when using the counseling method, the professional knowledge of the counselors is very high, whether it is the analysis of different messages such as dreams, empathy, resistance or the subconscious skills of the recipient.