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元素周期表中从IIIB族到VIII族的化学元素称为过渡元素,其价电子依次填充在次外层的d轨道上。以过渡族金属氧化物为代表的强关联电子体系是过去三十多年间凝聚态物理研究的焦点内容。由于在这些体系中存在电荷、自旋、轨道和晶格等量子自由度的相互耦合和竞争,会造成一系列丰富奇特的物理现象和效应。例如,层状铜氧化体系中发现的高温超导电性;钙钛矿锰氧化物(例如La_(1-x)Ca_xMnO_3)的电阻率在磁场中出现了
The chemical elements from Group IIIB to VIII of the Periodic Table are called transitional elements, the valence electrons of which are sequentially filled in the d orbit of the sub-outer layer. Strongly correlated electronic systems represented by transition metal oxides are the focus of condensed matter physics research over the past three decades. Due to the mutual coupling and competition of quantum degrees of freedom such as charges, spins, orbits and lattices in these systems, a series of extremely strange physical phenomena and effects are caused. For example, the high temperature superconductivity found in layered copper oxide systems; the resistivity of perovskite manganese oxides (such as La 1-x Ca x MnO 3) appears in the magnetic field