脑膜炎奈瑟菌(Neisseria Meningitidis,Nm)感染仍然严重威胁人群健康,接种疫苗是预防该类疾病的有效手段。根据荚膜多糖的特征,Nm分为A、B、C、W135、Y等不同的血清群。A、C、W135、Y群Nm多糖疫苗以及多糖-蛋白结合疫苗,已经得到广泛应用并证明了其有效性。由于B群Nm菌株的荚膜多糖免疫原性较低,并且与人体神经组织具有同源性,因此B群Nm多糖不能用于疫苗抗原成分。近年来,国际上开展了大量B群Nm蛋白疫苗研究工作,以疫苗外膜蛋白为基础的疫苗研究,以及反向疫苗学技术在B群疫苗研究中的应用,使B群Nm疫苗的研究取得了长足进展。某些B群疫苗显示出良好的免疫原性和有效性,并且已经有B群蛋白疫苗获得许可并规模化应用。 Neisseria Meningitidis (Nm) infection is still a serious threat to human health, vaccination is an effective means to prevent such diseases. According to the characteristics of capsular polysaccharides, Nm is divided into A, B, C, W135, Y and other different serogroups. The A, C, W135, Y group Nm polysaccharide vaccines and polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines have been widely used and demonstrated to be effective. Because of the low immunogenicity of the capsular polysaccharide of the B group Nm strain and its homology to human nervous tissue, the B group Nm polysaccharide can not be used for the vaccine antigen component. In recent years, a large number of B group Nm protein vaccine research, vaccine outer membrane protein-based vaccine and reverse vaccine technology in Group B vaccine research have been carried out in the world, making B group Nm vaccine research A great deal of progress. Some Group B vaccines show good immunogenicity and effectiveness, and Group B protein vaccines have been licensed and scaled-up.