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不断深化的供给侧结构性改革,使主要满足人们发展和休闲需要的非物质商品,成为商品供给的重要组成部分。150年前马克思的《资本论》,主要是在分析解剖物质商品的基础上建立了科学的劳动价值论。但他并没有把物质商品作为交换价值的唯一承担者,其整个研究还涉及非物质商品。非物质商品尤其是信息类非物质商品有其特殊的客观实在性;其生产与再生产过程中的物质消耗和劳动凝结,及其使用价值和交换价值的实现,也具有不同于物质商品的特点;其交换价值的实现不依赖于产权的完全让渡,具有多重性、扩展性的特征,交换价值总量并不恒等于其价值总量。其无限增长的交换价值与有限价值之间的矛盾,一是因为其交换价值可以不是价值的表现,二是因为其交换价值可以是垄断价格。总体上说,交换价值偏离价值并没有使价值决定价格的界限消失,马克思劳动价值论在非物质商品上并没有失去效力。
Deepening supply-side structural reforms have made the conversion of non-material goods, which mainly meet the needs of people’s development and leisure, an important part of the supply of goods. 150 years ago, Marx’s “capital theory” mainly established scientific labor value theory based on the analysis of anatomical commodities. However, he did not regard the physical goods as the sole undertaker of exchange value, and his entire study involved the conversion of non-material goods. Non-material goods, especially informational non-material goods, have their special objective reality; their material consumption and labor condensation in the process of production and reproduction, as well as the realization of their use value and exchange value, also have characteristics different from those of material goods; The realization of exchange value does not depend on the complete transfer of property rights. It has the characteristics of multiplicity and expansibility. The total exchange value does not always equal its total value. One of the contradictions between the infinitely increasing exchange value and the limited value is that the exchange value can not be the manifestation of value, and the second is because the exchange value can be the monopoly price. In general, the deviation of exchange value from value does not make the boundary between value-determining prices disappear, and Marx’s labor theory of value has not lost its effect on non-material goods.