三十年来古人类学及其密切相关学科的发展,特别是近十年来,在西藏、周口店、黄土高原及东部沿海平原多学科研究取得的丰硕成果,为进一步认识和研究我国原始人类的生活环境,提供了良好的基础。 文中所谓“华北“,指秦岭、淮河一线以北,包括西北、内蒙、东北、山西、河北、山东以及河南和江苏部分地区。 我国北方已发现含有人类化石的第四纪哺乳动物群大约有30个。通过分析各动物群的组成、所含各生活类型的比例以及南北过渡动物群地理位置变化等并参考其他学科的研究成果表明:在更新世期间,中国北方的原始人类是生活在青藏高原急剧隆起、西高东低的山川大势逐渐形成、气候总的趋于干冷而又具多旋回的自然环境中。 距今约110—100万年,中国北方最早出现的公王岭蓝田人,生活在温暖、近乎亚热带的森林环境中;距今70—50万年的陈家窝蓝田人,生活在一个全球性(距今90—70万年的贡兹)冰期之后的干凉气候下的草原环境;距今约50—30万年,对北方的原始人类来说,是一个温和适宜的生活时期。先后出现了北京人、庙后山人、骑子鞍山人、大荔人等。但是在他们生活的后期,华北的气候又趋于干冷;距今14—10万年,在华北又是一个温暖湿润的时期。距今10万年以后,华北的气候进一步趋向干冷。其间有两个冷峰(距今约6万年和1.5 In the past three decades, the development of paleoecology and its closely related disciplines, especially the fruitful achievements of multidisciplinary research in Tibet, Zhoukoudian, the Loess Plateau and the eastern coastal plains in the past decade, are of great significance in order to further understand and study the living environment of primitive humans in China , Provides a good foundation. The so-called “North China” refers to the Qinling and Huaihe River north, including the northwest, Inner Mongolia, northeast, Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and parts of Henan and Jiangsu. About 30 Quaternary mammals have been found in northern China that contain human fossils. By analyzing the composition of each animal group, the proportion of each type of life and the geographical location of the transition group in the north and south, and referring to the research results of other disciplines, it shows that during the Pleistocene, the primitive humans in northern China lived sharply uplifted on the Qinghai- , The trend of low mountains and rivers in the west and high in the east gradually formed, and the climate in general tends to be dry and cold with a multi-cycle natural environment. About 110-100 million years ago, the earliest appeared in northern China Gongwangling Lantian, living in warm, near-subtropical forest environment; 70-50 million years ago Chen family nest Lantian people living in a global (Gunz, 90-70,000 years ago). The grassland environment in dry and cool climate after the Ice Age; about 50-30 million years ago, it was a mild and appropriate period of life for primitive people in the north. Has appeared in Beijing, temples and mountains, riding Anshan, Dali people. However, in the later period of their life, the climate in North China tends to be dry and cold again; the time between 14 and 10 years is still a warm and humid period in northern China. Ten thousand years from now, the climate in North China tends to dry and cold. There are two cold peaks (about 60,000 years and 1.5 years ago)