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目的了解山西省公众应对灾害事件的逃生及自救互救知识与技能现况,探索其影响因素。方法采用多阶段分层系统抽样方法,对山西省4个区县的城乡居民进行问卷调查,对公众应对灾害事件知识技能的影响因素进行分析。结果超过95%的被调查对象家里没有灭火器和逃生包,且没有与家人进行过逃生演练;地震、洪水、火灾等灾害事件的逃生与自救互救知识技能知晓率分别为30.2%、16.6%和29.1%,其中城市居民的知晓率高于农村居民(P<0.05或P<0.01);城乡、家庭人口数及是否知晓家庭应急准备四步骤是灾害事件逃生与自救互救知识技能知晓情况的影响因素。结论家庭应急准备在灾害事件应急中的重要作用被忽视,今后应加强对这方面的健康教育;灾害事件逃生与自救互救知识技能知晓率较低,有待大力推广普及。
Objective To understand the public in Shanxi Province in response to disaster events and the status quo of self-help and mutual-aid knowledge and skills to explore the influencing factors. Methods A multi-stage stratified systematic sampling method was used to survey the urban and rural residents in 4 districts and counties in Shanxi Province and analyze the influencing factors of the public’s knowledge and skills on dealing with disaster events. Results More than 95% of the respondents did not have fire extinguishers and escape packages at home and did not conduct escape exercises with their families. The knowledge and skills of escape and self-help mutual aid such as earthquake, flood and fire were 30.2% and 16.6% respectively 29.1%. The awareness of urban residents was higher than that of rural residents (P <0.05 or P <0.01). The urban and rural areas, the number of the family and the four steps of family emergency preparedness were the impact of the knowledge and skills of knowledge about the escape and self- factor. Conclusion The important role of family emergency preparedness in emergency response to disasters is neglected, and health education in this area should be strengthened in future. The awareness of knowledge and skills of emergency escape and self-help emergencies is relatively low and needs to be vigorously popularized and popularized.