AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS),obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a group of Mexican Mestizo patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis (CC) and to compare this group with patients with cirrhosis secondary to other causes (disease controls).METHODS: Patients with CC,diagnosed between January,1990 and April,2005,were included in a retrospective study.Patients with cirrhosis caused by chronic hepatitis C,alcohol abuse or autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) served as disease controls.RESULTS: A total of 134 patients with CC were analyzed.Disease controls consisted of 81 patients with chronic hepatitis C,33 with alcohol abuse and 20 with AJH.The median age of patients with CC was 57 years (range,16-87); 83 (61.9%) patients were female; 53 (39.6%) were Child A,65 (48.5%) Child B,and 16 (11.9%) were Child C cirrhosis.The prevalence of MS (29.1% vs 6%; P ＜ 0.001),obesity (16.4% vs 8.2%; P = 0.04) and T2DM (40% vs 22.4%; P = 0.013)was higher in CC patients than in disease controls.There were no differences in sex,age or liver function tests between the two groups.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of MS，obesity and T2DM were higher in patients with CC than in patients with cirrhosis secondary to others causes.Our findings support the hypothesis that non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) plays an under-recognized role in CC.