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目的了解深圳市南山区重点行业劳动者的健康状况,为提出相应的改善建议提供依据。方法依据《2015年全国重点职业病监测与职业健康风险评估工作手册》对南山区重点行业开展摸底调查,并对其中接触职业病危害因素的工人进行职业健康检查,分析检查结果。结果 29 878名工人中职业禁忌证检出率为0.34%,疑似职业病检出率为0.04%,确诊职业病18人。职业禁忌证检出率和疑似职业病检出率最高的均是接触噪声的人员,分别为0.84%和0.07%;确诊职业病中有7人为噪声聋。各企业类型以中型企业接触噪声的职业禁忌证的检出率最高,为1.03%;大型企业接触噪声的疑似职业病检出率最高,为0.09%;不同经济类型中港澳台经济接触噪声的职业禁忌证检出率和疑似职业病检出率均最高,分别为1.50%和0.18%;不同行业类型中科学研究和技术服务业接触噪声的职业禁忌证的检出率最高,为33.33%;建筑业接触噪声的疑似职业病检出率最高,为0.27%。结论该区重点职业病防治因素应为噪声作业,应加强对重点企业、行业接触噪声危害因素的员工的职业健康检查,做到职业病的早期预警。
Objective To understand the health status of laborers in key industries in Nanshan District, Shenzhen, and provide the basis for making suggestions for improvement. Methods According to “2015 National Occupational Disease Surveillance and Occupational Health Risk Assessment Work Handbook” to carry out a thorough investigation of key industries in Nanshan District, and occupational health examination of workers exposed to occupational hazards and analysis of test results. Results Among 29 878 workers, the detection rate of occupational contraindications was 0.34%, the detection rate of suspected occupational diseases was 0.04%, and the number of diagnosed occupational diseases was 18. The highest detection rates of occupational contraindications and suspected occupational diseases were those with exposure to noise, 0.84% and 0.07%, respectively; and 7 of the confirmed occupational diseases were noise-deaf. The highest detection rate of occupational contraindications for medium-sized enterprises was 1.03% for all types of enterprises. The highest detection rate of suspected occupational diseases was 0.09% for large-scale enterprises. Occupational taboo of economic exposure to noise was found in different types of economy The highest detection rate and suspected occupational disease detection rate were 1.50% and 0.18% respectively. The highest detection rate of occupational contraindications was 33.33% in the contact noise of scientific research and technology service industry in different industry types. Construction industry exposure The highest incidence of suspected occupational diseases was 0.27%. Conclusion The key occupational disease prevention and control factors in this area should be noise operation. Occupational health examination should be strengthened for employees exposed to noise in key enterprises and industries, and early warning of occupational diseases should be done.