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近代华北的畜牧业处于高度的人口压力之下,野生草地资源和作物秸秆饲料愈加减少,役畜的生态空间被压缩。养牛都用基本上没有什么营养价值的麦秸作饲料。马的饲养和卫生条件要求较高,养马逐渐被养骡代替。在饲料缺乏的压力下,到20世纪30年代,无论是马还是骡子都变得越来越少,而驴和小牛变得越来越普遍,且有许多家庭没有役畜。在田间作业中,以前靠畜力完成的工作开始大量地被人力完成。役畜的减少并没有使小农经济全面崩溃,小农以更艰苦的生活适应了这种变化。
In recent years, the livestock husbandry in North China is under high population pressure, and the feed resources of wild grassland and crop straw are further reduced, and the ecological space of draft animals is reduced. Cattle are fed with wheat straw that is essentially devoid of nutritional value. Horse breeding and sanitation requirements higher, raising horses gradually mule replaced. Under the lack of feed, by the 1930s, both horses and mules became less and less, while donkeys and calves became more and more popular, and many families had no working animals. In the fieldwork, the work done previously by animal husbandry began to be done largely by manpower. The reduction of draft livestock did not bring about a total collapse of the peasant economy, and the peasant farmers adapted to such a change with a tougher life.