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为筛选不同筋型小麦高产优质栽培的适宜施氮量和施氮比例(基肥∶分蘖肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥),以强筋小麦济麦20、中筋小麦保麦1号和弱筋小麦扬麦15为材料,在高产栽培条件下研究了施氮量及施氮比例对不同筋型小麦产量和品质的影响。结果表明,适当增加施氮量或提高小麦生育中后期施氮比例,均能提高三种筋型小麦产量、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、面团形成时间和稳定时间。三种筋型小麦采用适宜的氮肥运筹均可协同提高产量和改善品质。本试验条件下,强筋小麦济麦20达到高产优质的最优组合为施氮量225kg·hm-2、施氮比例3∶1∶3∶3;中筋小麦保麦1号为施氮量270kg·hm-2、施氮比例3∶1∶3∶3;弱筋小麦扬麦15为施氮量180kg·hm-2、施氮比例5∶1∶2∶2或施氮量225kg·hm-2、施氮比例7∶1∶2∶0。
In order to screen the suitable nitrogen application rate and nitrogen application rate (basal fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: jointing fertilizer: booting spike) of different gluten wheat with high yield and good quality, with strong gluten wheat Jimai 20, medium gluten wheat pakchoi 1 and weak gluten wheat Yang Wheat 15 as material, the effects of nitrogen application rate and nitrogen application rate on yield and quality of different gluten wheat were studied under high yielding cultivation conditions. The results showed that increasing the amount of nitrogen application or increasing the ratio of nitrogen application at the middle and later stages of wheat growth could increase the yield, protein content, wet gluten content, sedimentation value, dough formation time and stability time of three kinds of gluten wheat. Three types of wheat with appropriate nitrogen fertilizer operations can be synergies to improve yield and improve quality. Under the experimental conditions, the optimal combination of high gluten wheat Jimai 20 with high yield and good quality was 225kg · hm-2 of nitrogen application rate and 3:1:1:3:1 of nitrogen application rate; · Hm-2, nitrogen ratio 3:1:1:3; weak-gluten wheat Yangmai 15 with nitrogen application rate of 180kg · hm-2, nitrogen application rate of 5:1:2:1 or nitrogen application rate of 225kg · hm- 2, nitrogen ratio 7: 1: 2: 0.