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目的了解目前中学生听力状况,为制定中学生人群听力损失的防治策略提供科学依据。方法用分层随机整群抽样法对西安市中学生行问卷调查、耳科查体、纯音测听及声导抗测试,数据用SPSS15.0统计软件处理。结果1.共调查1567人,男生793人(50.61%),女生774人(49.39%)。2.听力情况:听力减退患病率2.30%(36/1567),听力残疾患病率0.13%(2/1567)。传导性听力减退13人,感音神经性听力减退20人,混合性听力减退3人。3.噪声性听力减退、中耳炎,耵聍栓塞等是引起中学生听力减退常见疾病。4.Logistic回归结果显示,性别、MP3/MP4使用时间、睡眠、耳聋家族史,耳毒性药物史等因素均与听力减退相关;MP3/MP4是听力损伤的独立危险因素。5.“耳科正常中学生”各频率听力受损的可能性随着MP3/MP4使用时间的延长而增大。6.“耳科正常中学生”声导抗检测鼓室图绝大多数为A型,无B型图。结论目前中学生人群中听力减退患病率较高。长时间、高音量使用MP3/MP4是中学生听力减退重要原因。失眠、耳聋家族史、耳毒性药物史等是中学生听力减退的危险因素。
Objective To understand the current hearing situation of middle school students and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control strategies of hearing loss among middle school students. Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to conduct questionnaire survey, otology examination, pure tone audiometry and acoustic guidance test in Xi’an middle school students. The data were processed with SPSS15.0 statistical software. A total of 1,567 people surveyed, 793 boys (50.61%), 774 girls (49.39%). 2. Hearing: The prevalence of hearing loss was 2.30% (36/1567), and the prevalence of hearing impairment was 0.13% (2/1567). Conductive hearing loss in 13 people, sensorineural hearing loss in 20 people, mixed hearing loss in 3 people. 3. Noise hearing loss, otitis media, embolism embolism is a common cause of hearing loss in middle school students. Logistic regression showed that sex, age of MP3 / MP4, sleep, family history of deafness and history of ototoxicity were all related to hearing loss. MP3 / MP4 was an independent risk factor for hearing impairment. 5. “otology normal school students ” the possibility of hearing loss at all frequencies with MP3 / MP4 use of time increases. 6. “otology normal middle school ” acoustic conductivity test tympanogram most of the A-type, no B-type map. Conclusions The current prevalence of hearing loss among middle school students is high. For a long time, high volume MP3 / MP4 is an important reason for hearing loss in middle school students. Insomnia, family history of deafness, history of ototoxic drugs is a risk factor for hearing loss in middle school students.