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群体遗传结构特征决定育种方法与选择效果,群体遗传特征又与基因效应有相当关系。研究表明:加性——显性模式不能适用于数量性状遗传的所有场合,估计上位效应的重要性日益明显。世代平均值分析是估计上位效应的重要方法之一,通过最小二乘多元回归程序进行世代平均值分析既可估计基因效应,又可估计其相应方差。文中对世代平均值分析的多元回归程序原理与方法加以讨论与说明,并通过有关试验数据进行分析。关于穗长、小穗数和单株穗数的研究结果表明上位效应是不可忽略的。
The characteristics of population genetic structure determine the breeding method and the selection effect, and the genetic characteristics of the population are related to the gene effect. The results show that additive-dominance model can not be applied to all cases of quantitative trait inheritance, and the importance of epistasis effect is increasingly obvious. Generational mean analysis is one of the most important ways to estimate the epistatic effect. Generations can be estimated by generational mean analysis using the least squares multiple regression procedure, and the corresponding variance can be estimated. This paper discusses and explains the principle and method of multiple regression procedure of average generation analysis of the generation, and analyzes through the relevant experimental data. The results of the studies on spike length, spikelet number and spike number per plant show that the epistatic effect can not be neglected.