目的:探讨麻醉后恢复室（PACU）内全身麻醉（全麻）患者低体温发生率及其影响因素。方法:收集2019年1月1日至12月31日北京大学人民医院PACU内的10 341例全麻患者资料。根据在PACU期间是否发生低体温，分为低体温组和非低体温组，采用倾向性评分匹配年龄和性别后，纳入低体温组336例，非低体温组336例。比较两组患者临床特征，采用多因素logistic回归模型分析PACU期间发生低体温的潜在影响因素。结果:2019年PACU内发生低体温339例，发生率3.3%。低体温组年龄（54.1±17.1）岁，男156例，女180例；非低体温组年龄（53.1±16.0）岁，男156例，女180例。两组患者年龄、性别、美国麻醉医师协会（ASA）分级、手术种类差异均无统计学意义（均n P>0.05）。与PACU期间非低体温组比较，低体温组患者体质指数（BMI）［（22.8±3.5）kg/mn 2比（24.7±4.2）kg/mn 2］、基线体温［（36.3±0.5）℃比（36.5±0.5）℃］较低，麻醉时间［（4.4±1.6）h比（3.2±1.5）h］、手术时间［（3.1±1.4）h比（2.1±1.3）h］较长，术中出血量、输血量、输液量较多（均n P<0.001）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，出血量大（L）（n OR=5.361，95%n CI：2.863~10.037，n P<0.001）、俯卧位手术（n OR=3.653，95%n CI：2.104~6.342，n P<0.001）、麻醉时间长（h）（n OR=1.421，95%n CI：1.227~1.646，n P<0.001）、全身麻醉+神经阻滞（n OR=1.708，95%n CI：1.026~2.843，n P=0.039）是PACU期间低体温的独立危险因素，而高BMI（n OR=0.849，95%n CI：0.801~0.900，n P0.05). Compared with the non-hypothermia group, the body mass index (BMI) [(22.8±3.5) kg/mn 2 vs (24.7±4.2) kg/mn 2] and baseline body temperature [(36.3±0.5)℃ vs (36.5±0.5)℃] were lower, and anesthesia time [(4.4±1.6) h vs (3.2±1.5) h] and operation time [(3.1±1.4) h vs (2.1±1.3) h] were longer in hypothermia group. The amount of intraoperative bleeding, blood transfusion and intravenous fluid was larger in hypothermia group (alln P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that larger amount of blood loss (L) (n OR=5.361, 95%n CI: 2.863-10.037, n P<0.001), prone position operation (n OR=3.653, 95%n CI: 2.104-6.342, n P<0.001), longer anesthesia time (h) (n OR=1.421, 95%n CI: 1.227-1.646, n P<0.001), and general anesthesia combined with regional nerve block (n OR=1.708, 95%n CI: 1.026-2.843, n P=0.039) were independent risk factors of hypothermia in the PACU, and higher BMI (n OR=0.849, 95%n CI: 0.801-0.900, n P<0.001) was an independent protective factor.n Conclusions:The incidence of hypothermia in patients after general anesthesia in the PACU remains relatively high. Therefore, more attention should be paid to identify high-risk patients, and active preventive measures should be taken for the risk factors of hypothermia.