This project is aimed at bridging the three planes,from basic research,through enabling processes,toengineered systems.At the basic research plane,we have been working to improve our collective understanding aboutobstacles to implementing mitigation practices,owner decision processes (in connection with other MCEER projects),andpublic policy processes.At the level of enabling processes,we have been seeking to develop an understanding of howobstacles to greater mitigation can be overcome by improved policy design and processes.At the engineered systems plane,our work is intended to result in practical guidelines for devising policies and programs with appropriate motivation andincentives for implementing policies and programs once adopted.This phase of the research has been aimed,first,at athorough,multidisciplinary review of the literature concerning obstacles to implementation.Second,the research has focusedon advancing the state of the art by developing means for integrating the insights offered by diverse perspectives on theimplementation process from the several social,behavioral,and decision sciences.The research establishes a basis for testingour understanding of these processes in the case of hospital retrofit decisions. This project is aimed at bridging the three planes, from basic research, through enabling processes, toengineered systems. At the basic research plane, we have been working to improve our collective understanding about obstacles to implementing mitigation practices, owner decision processes (in connection with other MCEER projects), and public policy processes. At the level of enabling processes, we have been seeking to develop an understanding of howobstacles to greater mitigation can be overcome by improved policy design and processes. At the engineered systems plane, our work is intended to result in practical guidelines for devising policies and programs with appropriate motivation andincentives for implementing policies and programs once adopted. This phase of the research has been aimed at, first, at athorough, multidisciplinary review of the literature concerning obstacles to implementation. Second, the research has focusedon advancing the state of the art by developing means for integrating the insi ghts offered by diverse perspectives on theimplementation process from the several social, behavioral, and decision sciences.The research establishes a basis for testingour understanding of these processes in the case of hospital retrofit decisions.