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目的:探讨过敏原皮肤点刺试验在小儿喘息性疾病中的应用价值。方法:呼吸道感染患儿579例,其中喘息性疾病193例为病例组,非喘息性呼吸道感染386例为对照组,按年龄分为婴儿组(~1岁)、幼儿组(1~3岁)、学龄前组(3~6岁)和学龄组(6~14岁),进行皮肤过敏原点刺试验(SPT)。比较各组过敏原阳性率。结果:病例组总阳性率82.4%,对照组53.1%,病例组阳性率较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);病例组中各年龄段阳性率有差异,除婴儿组外,另3组阳性率随年龄增长而升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);病例组各年龄段阳性程度不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),3岁以下患儿弱阳性(+)为主,3岁以上阳性、强阳性(++、+++、++++)为主;病例组常见过敏原为粉尘螨和屋尘螨;吸入性过敏原SPT阳性率较食物性过敏原高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:喘息性疾病患儿SPT检测过敏原阳性率较非喘息患儿高;SPT可用于小儿喘息性疾病的病因诊断,对变态反应性疾病的早期诊断和早期防治起到一定的作用。
Objective: To investigate the value of allergen skin prick test in children with wheezing diseases. Methods: A total of 579 children with respiratory tract infection were enrolled. Among them, 193 cases of asthmatic disease were case group and 386 cases of non-asthmatic respiratory tract infection were control group. The groups were divided into infants (~ 1 year old), infants (1-3 years old) , Pre-school age group (3-6 years old) and school-age group (6-14 years old), skin prick test (SPT). Compare the positive rate of allergens in each group. Results: The positive rate of case group was 82.4% and that of control group was 53.1%. The positive rate of case group was higher than that of control group (P <0.01). The positive rate of each age group in case group was different except for infants group , And the positive rate of the other three groups increased with age, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01); the positive rate of each age group was different, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01), children under 3 years of age weak Positive (+) was the most common positive and strong positive (++, +++, ++++) at 3 years old. The common allergens were Dust mite and house dust mite. The positive rate of inhaled allergens Higher than food allergens, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusions: The positive rate of SPT detection allergens in asthmatic children is higher than that in non-asthmatic children. SPT can be used to diagnose the etiology of asthmatic children and play an important role in the early diagnosis and early prevention of allergic diseases.