德国实行两级立法,立法权主要由联邦议院和州议会来行使。由于德国实行地方自治,所以自治的县、乡镇和乡镇协会也有立法权,但这种立法权仅限于地方自治事务。下面就联邦、州、县和乡镇及乡镇协会的立法权以及它们之间的关系作一概述。一、立法权限的划分德国是典型的大陆法系国家,它的法律以详细、严谨著称。德国法学家认为。立宪者有明确划分立法权限的任务,因为国家机关有扩大其立法权限的倾向,所以不宜概括立法。因此立宪者必须制定很详细的立法权限。德国的宪法——基本法,就是以列举的方式来达到这一目标的。基本法第70条是德国划分立法权限的核心条款。该条规定:“(1)在本基本法没有授予联邦以立法权限的范围内,各州有立法权。(2)联邦和各州之间的权限划分,依照本基本法 Germany implements two levels of legislation, and the legislative power is mainly exercised by the Bundestag and state legislatures. Due to the implementation of local autonomy in Germany, autonomous counties, townships and township associations also have legislative power, but this legislative power is limited to local autonomy. The following is a brief overview of the legislative power of federal, state, county and township and township associations and their relationships. First, the division of legislative authority Germany is a typical continental law countries, its laws to be detailed and rigorous known. German jurist thinks. The legislature has the task of clearly dividing the legislative authority. Because state organs have a tendency to expand their legislative powers, it is not appropriate to generalize the legislation. Therefore, the legislator must formulate a very detailed legislative authority. The German constitution - the Basic Law - achieves this goal by enumeration. Article 70 of the Basic Law is the core clause of the German legislative authority. This article states: ”(1) States have legislative authority within the jurisdiction of the Commonwealth without the legislative authority of this Constitution. (2) The division of authority between the Federation and the states, in accordance with the Basic Law