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一、背景和原因 在全球范围内,养老保险制度面临越来越严峻的考验。据估算,60岁以上的人口占总人口的比例,1996年为9％,2030年可达16％。由于城市化、工业化和人口流动加速的影响,家庭养老以及其他传统的养老方式被大大削弱,但大多数国家的基本养老保险制度对老年人的保护却并不充分,且成本很高,需要进行改革。尽管改革涉及的问题错综复杂,易产生争议,还会面临政治阻力。但改革无可回避,且越推延困难就越大。
First, the background and reasons In the world, the pension insurance system is facing more and more severe test. It is estimated that the proportion of people over the age of 60 in the total population is 9% in 1996 and 16% in 2030. Due to the impact of urbanization, industrialization and accelerated population flows, home-based retirement and other traditional forms of retirement have been greatly weakened, but the basic old-age insurance system in most countries does not provide sufficient protection for the elderly and is costly and needs to be carried out reform. Although the issues involved in the reform are complex and prone to controversy, they also face political resistance. However, the reform is unavoidable and the greater the delay, the greater the difficulty.