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以63个梨主栽品种为试材,采用SSR分子标记技术与毛细管电泳技术相结合的方法,研究了梨不同成熟期的种质资源遗传多样性,以期为梨栽培品种的品种鉴别、亲子关系鉴定、分类及系统关系研究、遗传图谱构建与标记辅助育种在分子水平上提供参考依据。结果表明:3份梨种质的观测等位基因数(Na)平均为14.8,有效等位基因数(Ne)平均为7.363 1,Shannon多样性指数(I)平均为2.195,期望杂合度(Nei)平均为0.845,说明梨总群体遗传变异偏高。依据梨系统将其分为白梨、秋子梨、日本梨、砂梨和西洋梨5个类群,其中白梨系统在Shannon多样性指数和期望杂合度上最高,分别为2.069 9和0.831 1,秋子梨系统最低,分别为0.420 8和0.303 6,白梨与砂梨类群的遗传一致度最高为0.715 2。
Sixty-three pear cultivars were used as experimental materials. The genetic diversity of pear cultivars at different maturity stages was studied by SSR molecular marker and capillary electrophoresis in order to identify pear cultivars, Identification, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships, genetic map construction and marker-assisted breeding provide reference for molecular level. The results showed that the average number of observed alleles (Na) of three pear cultivars was 14.8, the average number of effective alleles (Ne) was 7.363 1, Shannon’s diversity index (I) was 2.195, and the expected heterozygosity (Nei ) Averaged 0.845, indicating that the genetic variation of the total pear population was high. According to the pear system, it was divided into five groups: white pear, autumn pear, Japanese pear, pear and pear. The white pear system had the highest Shannon’s diversity index and expected heterozygosity, which were 2.069 9 and 0.831 1 respectively. Pear systems were the lowest with 0.420 8 and 0.303 6, respectively. The highest genetic identity between white pear and sand pear was 0.715 2.