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目的对广东制鞋企业手工刷胶操作岗位进行采样检测,以识别其化学毒物的种类并检测其空气中的浓度及分析浓度变化的一般规律。方法选择广东5个制鞋企业,在各厂刷胶岗位现场用活性炭管采样,用气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC-MS)进行定性分析,用气相色谱仪外标法进行定量分析。结果定性分析发现5个企业都有岗位检出苯系物;不同企业的岗位毒物成分差别较大;即使在同一企业,不同刷胶岗位的有机毒物种类不同,同一刷胶岗位在不同的生产日期检测到的毒物种类也会不同。对2个鞋厂共9个手工刷胶岗位进行了长时间采样的定量检测,除1个岗位乙酸乙酯浓度高达231.6 mg/m~3,所有岗位都检出了二甲苯,浓度在0.4~11.9 mg/m~3。绝大多数岗位的毒物浓度显著低于时间加权允许浓度职业卫生限值,说明防护设施的运行是有效的。另2个鞋厂共10个岗位进行了班初、班中和班末时间段的短时间采样检测,所有结果中正己烷浓度最高值为33.3 mg/m~3,甲苯浓度最高值为3.7 mg/m~3;多数岗位不同时间段的毒物浓度无明显变化。结论现场采样的定性分析表明,鞋厂刷胶操作岗位的化学毒物成分复杂易变;定量检测结果则显示毒物浓度在一个工作班内不同时间段基本维持在一个稳定的水平,只要确保防护设施有效运行,化学毒物浓度可以控制在较低水平,符合国家职业卫生标准要求。
Objective To sample and inspect the hand-gluing operation posts of Guangdong shoe-making enterprises in order to identify the types of chemical poisons and to detect their concentration in the air and to analyze the general rules of concentration changes. Methods Five shoe-making enterprises in Guangdong were selected. Samples were taken on activated carbon tube at various positions in the factory and analyzed qualitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Quantitative analysis was performed by gas chromatography external standard method. The results of qualitative analysis found that five companies have positions to detect benzene series; different enterprises post toxic components vary greatly; even in the same enterprise, different brushing positions of different types of organic poisonous, the same brushing positions at different production dates The type of poison detected will also be different. A total of 9 hand-brushing positions in 2 shoe factories were sampled for a long time. Except 1 post ethyl acetate concentration as high as 231.6 mg / m ~ 3, xylene was detected in all posts, with a concentration of 0.4 ~ 11.9 mg / m ~ 3. The concentration of poisons in the vast majority of posts was significantly lower than the time-weighted allowed occupational health limit, indicating that the operation of protective facilities was effective. In the other two shoe factories, a total of 10 positions were sampled at the beginning, the end of the shift and the end of the shift. The highest n-hexane concentration was 33.3 mg / m ~ 3 and the highest toluene concentration was 3.7 mg / m ~ 3; most of the positions of different concentrations of poison no significant change. Conclusions The qualitative analysis of on-site sampling shows that the composition of chemical toxins in the shoe factory is complex and variable. The quantitative test results show that the poison concentration maintains a stable level in different time periods within a work class, as long as the protective facilities are effective Operation, chemical poison concentration can be controlled at a lower level, in line with national occupational health standards.