早在熊彼特提出创新理论之前,马克思就在其相关著作中表达了类似的思想,而且比熊彼特的创新理论更全面、丰富。由于缺乏这方面的研究,人们总是将熊彼特的《经济发展理论》一书作为创新理论的奠基性著作,从而视熊彼特为创新理论的先驱。本文对马克思技术创新、制度创新的相关论述进行了比较系统的整理和分析,提出了马克思是创新理论真正“始祖”的观点。 Long before Schumpeter proposed his theory of innovation, Marx expressed similar ideas in his related writings and was more comprehensive and rich than Schumpeterian’s theory of innovation. Due to the lack of research in this field, Schumpeterian “Economic Development Theory” was always regarded as the founding work of innovation theory, which regarded Schumpeter as the pioneer of innovation theory. This article systematically sorts and analyzes Marxist technical innovation and institutional innovation, and puts forward the view that Marx is the true “ancestor” of innovation theory.